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Vuzman
Bowling pinsetter

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Admiral

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Joined: 10.06.06
Posted on 01-10-2012 14:03
How bowling pins are set and reset:



And this is how they did it before machines:




When I kill her, I'll have her
Die white girls, die white girls

Edited by Vuzman on 01-10-2012 14:03
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Torellion
RE: Interesting stuff

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Posted on 01-10-2012 21:08
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Vuzman
Learn Korean In 15 Minutes…Yep, It’s That Easy!

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Admiral

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Posted on 10-10-2012 13:06





When I kill her, I'll have her
Die white girls, die white girls

Edited by Vuzman on 10-10-2012 13:06
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Vuzman
RE: Interesting stuff

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Admiral

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Posted on 15-10-2012 14:36
When you reply to an email, your email client probably puts a 'RE' in front of the email you're replying to. This is actually not an abbreviation for 'reply' or 'regarding', it is actually not a contraction abbreviation at all. It is a shortened form of the Latin phrase "in re", which means "concerning" or "in the matter of".


When I kill her, I'll have her
Die white girls, die white girls

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Vuzman
Heartbeats and innovation

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Admiral

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Posted on 25-10-2012 14:49
Scientists and animal lovers had long observed that as life gets bigger, it slows down. Flies live for hours or days; elephants live for half-centuries. The hearts of birds and small mammals pump blood much faster than those of giraffes and blue whales. But the relationship between size and speed didn't seem to be a linear one. A horse might be five hundred times heavier than a rabbit, yet its pulse certainly wasn't five hundred times slower than the rabbit's. After a formidable series of measurements in his Davis lab, [Swiss scientist Max] Kleiber discovered that this scaling phenomenon stuck to an unvarying mathematical script called 'negative quarter-power scaling.' If you plotted mass versus metabolism on a logarithmic grid, the result was a perfectly straight line that led from rats and pigeons all the way up to bulls and hippopotami. ...

The more species Kleiber and his peers analyzed, the clearer the equation became: metabolism scales to mass to the negative quarter power. The math is simple enough: you take the square root of 1,000, which is (approximately) 31, and then take the square root of 31, which is (again, approximately) 5.5. This means that a cow, which is roughly a thousand times heavier than a woodchuck, will, on average, live 5.5 times longer, and have a heart rate that is 5.5 times slower than the woodchuck's. As the science writer George Johnson once observed, one lovely consequence of Kleiber's law is that the number of heartbeats per lifetime tends to be stable from species to species. Bigger animals just take longer to use up their quota. ...

Several years ago, the theoretical physicist Geoffrey West decided to investigate whether Kleiber's law applied to one of life's largest creations: the superorganisms of human-built cities. Did the 'metabolism' of urban life slow down as cities grew in size? Was there an underlying pattern to the growth and pace of life of metropolitan systems? Working out of the legendary Santa Fe Institute, where he served as president until 2009, West assembled an international team of researchers and advisers to collect data on dozens of cities around the world, measuring everything from crime to household electrical consumption, from new patents to gasoline sales.

When they finally crunched the numbers, West and his team were delighted to discover that Kleiber's negative quarter-power scaling governed the energy and transportation growth of city living. The number of gasoline stations, gasoline sales, road surface area, the length of electrical cables: all these factors follow the exact same power law that governs the speed with which energy is expended in biological organisms. If an elephant was just a scaled-up mouse, then, from an energy perspective, a city was just a scaled-up elephant.

But the most fascinating discovery in West's research came from the data that didn't turn out to obey Kleiber's law. West and his team discovered another power law lurking in their immense database of urban statistics. Every datapoint that involved creativity and innovation-patents, R&D budgets, 'supercreative' professions, inventors-also followed a quarter-power law, in a way that was every bit as predictable as Kleiber's law. But there was one fundamental difference: the quarter-power law governing innovation was positive, not negative. A city that was ten times larger than its neighbor wasn't ten times more innovative; it was seventeen times more innovative. A metropolis fifty times bigger than a town was 130 times more innovative.

Kleiber's law proved that as life gets bigger, it slows down. But West's model demonstrated one crucial way in which human-built cities broke from the patterns of biological life: as cities get bigger, they generate ideas at a faster clip. This is what we call 'superlinear scaling': if creativity scaled with size in a straight, linear fashion, you would of course find more patents and inventions in a larger city, but the number of patents and inventions per capita would be stable. West's power laws suggested something far more provocative: that despite all the noise and crowding and distraction, the average resident of a metropolis with a population of five million people was almost three times more creative than the average resident of a town of a hundred thousand.

Steve Johnson: "Where Good Ideas Come From: The Natural History of Innovation"
© 2010, pp 8-11



When I kill her, I'll have her
Die white girls, die white girls

Edited by Vuzman on 25-10-2012 14:49
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Norlander
RE: Interesting stuff

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Posted on 25-10-2012 16:54
Vuzman wrote:


Interesting but:
Highest scoring creative city in Texas - Austin (metro pop 1,716,291), biggest city in Texas - Dallas (metro pop 6,371,773). There are countless examples like that, but I just took the most famous one from Florida's "The Rise of the Creative Class".

Also in the animal kingdom. A Cow lives 15 to 25 years and weighs anything between 500 and 750kg, a Northern Fulmar lives 30 years and weighs between 0.5 and 1kg... I could find some better extreme case of bird that lives to a 100, but just taking two numerous species, the Bos primigenius & Fulmaris glacialis and it doesn't hold up one bit. You might say that birds are unfair examples, but the text itself used cow vs bird as an example...


The conventional view serves to protect us from the painful job of thinking.
- John Kenneth Galbraith

Edited by Norlander on 25-10-2012 16:55
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Vuzman
RE: Interesting stuff

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Admiral

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Posted on 26-10-2012 08:49
Norlander wrote:
Vuzman wrote:


Interesting but:
Highest scoring creative city in Texas - Austin (metro pop 1,716,291), biggest city in Texas - Dallas (metro pop 6,371,773). There are countless examples like that, but I just took the most famous one from Florida's "The Rise of the Creative Class".

Also in the animal kingdom. A Cow lives 15 to 25 years and weighs anything between 500 and 750kg, a Northern Fulmar lives 30 years and weighs between 0.5 and 1kg... I could find some better extreme case of bird that lives to a 100, but just taking two numerous species, the Bos primigenius & Fulmaris glacialis and it doesn't hold up one bit. You might say that birds are unfair examples, but the text itself used cow vs bird as an example...

The exceptions that prove the rule? I agree that the excerpt deceptively makes it seem like a concrete law.

I found a discussion on the subject: http://skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/5701/does-every-species-get-around-a-billion-heartbeats-on-average

I guess the conclusion is that it's an interesting observation, but it's not globally inclusive, and we can't really conclude anything from it. Thanks for the BS check.


When I kill her, I'll have her
Die white girls, die white girls

Edited by Vuzman on 26-10-2012 09:05
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Vuzman
The decline of violence

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Admiral

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Posted on 07-11-2012 13:01
[Examining] the remains of hunter-gatherers and hunter-horticulturalists from Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas ... from 14,000 BCE to 1770 CE, in every case well before the emergence of state socie­ties or the first sustained contact with them, [shows that their violent] death rates range from o to 60 percent, with an average of 15 percent.

Next [we examine] figures from eight contemporary or recent societies that make their living primarily from hunting and gathering. They come from the Americas, the Philippines, and Australia. The average of the rates of death by warfare is within a whisker of the average estimated from the bones: 14 percent, with a range from 4 percent to 30 percent.

In the next cluster I've lumped pre-state societies that engage in some mixture of hunting, gathering, and horticulture. All are from New Guinea or the Amazon rain forest, except Europe's last tribal society, the Montenegrins, whose rate of violent death is close to the average for the group as a whole, 24.5 percent.

Finally we get to some figures for states. The earliest are from the cities and empires of pre-Columbian Mexico, in which 5 percent of the dead were killed by other people. That was undoubtedly a dangerous place, but it was a third to a fifth as violent as an average pre-state society. When it comes to modern states, we are faced with hundreds of political units, dozens of cen­turies, and many subcategories of violence to choose from (wars, homicides, genocides, and so on), so there is no single 'correct' estimate. But we can make the comparison as fair as possible by choosing the most violent countries and centuries, together with some estimates of violence in the world today. As we shall see in chapter 5, the two most violent centuries in the past half millen- nium of European history were the 17th, with its bloody Wars of Religion, and the 20th, with its two world wars. The historian Quincy Wright has estimated the rate of death in the wars of the 17th century at 2 percent, and the rate of death in war for the first half of the 20th at 3 percent. If one were to include the last four decades of the 20th century, the percentage would be even lower. One estimate, which includes American war deaths as well, comes in at less than l percent.

Recently the study of war has been made more precise by the release of two quantitative datasets, which I will explain in chapter 5. They conservatively list about 40 million battle deaths during the 20th century. ('Battle deaths' refer to soldiers and civilians who were directly killed in combat.) If we con­sider that a bit more than 6 billion people died during the 20th century, and put aside some demographic subtleties, we may estimate that around 0.7 per­cent of the world's population died in battles during that century. Even if we tripled or quadrupled the estimate to include indirect deaths from war-caused famine and disease, it would barely narrow the gap between state and nonstate societies. What if we added the deaths from genocides, purges, and other man-made disasters? Matthew White, the atrocitologist we met in chapter 1, estimates that around 180 million deaths can be blamed on all of these human causes put together. That still amounts to only 3 percent of the deaths in the 20th century.

Now let's turn to the present. According to the most recent edition of the Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2,448,017 Americans died in 2005. It was one of the country's worst years for war deaths in decades, with the armed forces embroiled in conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Together the two wars killed 945 Americans, amounting to 0.0004 (four-hundredths of a percent) of American deaths that year. Even if we throw in the 18,124 domestic homicides, the total rate of violent death adds up to 0.008, or eight-tenths of a percentage point. In other Western countries, the rates were even lower. And in the world as a whole, the Human Security Report Project counted 17,400 deaths that year that were directly caused by political violence (war, terrorism, genocide, and killings by warlords and militias), for a rate of 0.0003 (three-hundredths of a percent). It's a conservative estimate, comprising only identifiable deaths, but even if we generously multiplied it by twenty to estimate undocumented bat­tle deaths and indirect deaths from famine and disease, it would not reach the 1 percent mark.

Steven Pinker: "The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined"
© 2011, pp 48-51


I can warmly recommend this book. Pinker begins with a thourough assessment of the available statistics on wars and violence, convincingly dispels the notion that the old days were the good old days, and ends with a comprehensive discussion on the process of and the underlying reasons for the decline of wars and violence throughout history until the present day.


When I kill her, I'll have her
Die white girls, die white girls

Edited by Vuzman on 07-11-2012 13:02
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Norlander
RE: Interesting stuff

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Posted on 04-12-2012 21:13

Fuldkornsrugbrød sættes ind i kampen mod kræft

Lignaner fra eksempelvis groft fuldkornsrugbrød er så helbredende, at forskere nu har fået millioner i forskningsstøtte til at undersøge lignaners livsforlængende egenskaber for en række kroniske sygdomme.
Klik for at se billedet i stort

Det Strategiske Forskningsråd har netop bevilliget lige ved 14 mio. kr. til forskning i lignaners livsforlængende egenskaber for kræftpatienter. Lignaner findes blandt andet i groft rugbrød.

Af Torben R. Simonsen, tirsdag 04. dec 2012 kl. 08:36

Et af de mest gængse kostråd er at spise groft. Og meget tyder på, at det ikke alene er et godt kostråd, men at der er langt flere gode egenskaber ved grov fiberholdig kost som i eksempelvis groft fuldkornsrugbrød. Fiberholdig kost er nemlig rig på lignaner, der af forskere tillægges både sygdomsforebyggende og helbredende egenskaber.

Et forskningsprojekt med støtte på lige ved 14 millioner kroner fra Det Strategiske Forskningsråd skal nu afdække lignanernes betydning i forhold til kræft og andre kroniske sygdomme.

»Det er meget usædvanligt at se så markante og positive resultater inden for kræftoverlevelse, som kan sættes i forbindelse med bestemte fødevarer. Der er tale om helt op til 40 pct. lavere dødelighed for de kræftpatienter, som havde det højeste niveau af lignaner. Det har vi ikke set tidligere i forbindelse med undersøgelser af kost og brystkræft,« forklarer seniorforsker Anja Olsen i en meddelelse om støtte til projektet.

Hun leder undersøgelsen, kaldet ELIN-projektet, i Center for Kræftforskning i Kræftens Bekæmpelse.

For nyligt er der offentliggjort fire studier, der alle peger i retning af, at et højt lignan-niveau i blodet hos kvinder med brystkræft kan medføre forbedret overlevelse, og tilmed peger biologiske egenskaber ved lignanerne i retning af, at der kan være tilsvarende fordelagtige effekter for patienter, der lider af andre kræftformer, af hjertesygdomme eller af type 2-diabetes.

Udvikler fødevarer med masser lignaner
Ud over groft rugbrød findes lignaner også i bær, grøntsager, frugt og hørfrø. Lignanerne er ufordøjelige, men omdannes til stoffet enterolacton af bakterier i tyktarmen. Enterolacton passerer over i blodet, hvor mængden kan bestemmes ved en blodprøve.

Forskerne vil blandt andet tage udgangspunkt i en stor befolkningsundersøgelse, men vil også arbejde på at udvikle fødevarer med ekstra højt indhold af lignaner og undersøge, hvordan de påvirker både lignanindhold i blodet og markører, der har betydning for sygdomsudvikling.

»I ELIN-projektet vil vi derfor undersøge, om der er sammenhæng mellem enterolacton-indholdet i blodet og overlevelsen hos danskere med kræft i bryst, tyktarm eller prostata, med hjertesygdomme eller type 2-diabetes,« fortæller Anja Olsen.

Forskerne starter projektet midt i 2013 og håber at have de første resultater klar i slutningen af 2014. Hele projektet afsluttes midt i 2017.


Source: Ing.dk



The conventional view serves to protect us from the painful job of thinking.
- John Kenneth Galbraith

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RE: Interesting stuff

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Veteran

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Posted on 12-12-2012 13:53
This article is about background hum from electricity - how it plays an important part in audio recordings and digital forensics.
In the UK, the police have continuously recorded and stored electricity hum for the past seven years.
I wonder if the police in the Faroes also do stuff like this?

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-20629671



"The oldest and strongest emotion of mankind is fear, and the oldest and strongest kind of fear is fear of the unknown."
- H.P. Lovecraft

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RE: Interesting stuff

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Posted on 29-01-2013 20:52
Following the nightclub fire in Brazil this weekend some of us talked about how the bouncers behaved, while searching the web I came upon the similar story in an American nightclub fire in 2003, which killed 100 people. What people don't realize is how fast the fire spreads in this old insulation. The bouncers at the door probably didn't realize it was a fire until it was too late - just 1 minute of hesitation equals death.

Below is a video of that 2003 fire from the perspective of a guest at the venue - shocking but educational footage. Notice in particular how quick he is in reacting compared to the other guests at the venue.




The conventional view serves to protect us from the painful job of thinking.
- John Kenneth Galbraith

Edited by Norlander on 29-01-2013 20:54
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RE: Interesting stuff

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General

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Posted on 03-02-2013 09:31
I was looking over my Facebook profile and noticed that my activity mostly consisted of liking stuff posted by female friends. I wondered if I was being creepy or if there was some other explanation, so I looked more closely at my Facebook news feed and noticed that I get maybe 10 female items for every male one!

This might be old news to you or it might not, but women are completely dominating facebook. read all about it here: http://www.standard.net/stories/2012/02/03/research-shows-women-more-active-facebook-men


You want to tempt the wrath of the whatever from high atop the thing?

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Vuzman
How Many Calories Are You Really Burning?

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Admiral

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Posted on 08-02-2013 10:52
Walking and running are far and away the leading forms of human movement. Every able-bodied human learns how to walk and run without any particular instruction. The same cannot be said of activities such as swimming, bicycling, skateboarding, and hitting a 3-iron. This is why walking and running are the best ways to get in shape, burn extra calories, and improve your health.

Most runners have heard that running burns about 100 calories a mile (~1.6 km). And since walking a mile requires you to move the same body weight over the same distance, walking should also burn about 100 calories a mile. Sir Isaac Newton said so.

David Swain, Ph.D. in exercise physiology, director of the Wellness Institute and Research Center at Old Dominion University, and contributor to the "Metabolic Calculations" appendix to the American College of Sports Medicine's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, was unimpressed by my junior-high physics. "When you perform a continuous exercise, you burn five calories for every liter of oxygen you consume," he said. "And running in general consumes a lot more oxygen than walking."

What the Numbers Show

In "Energy Expenditure of Walking and Running," published December 2004 in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, a group of Syracuse University researchers measured the actual calorie burn of 12 men and 12 women while running and walking 1,600 meters (roughly a mile) on a treadmill. Result: The men burned an average of 124 calories while running, and just 88 while walking; the women burned 105 and 74. (The men burned more than the women because they weighed more.)

The investigators at Syracuse didn't explain why their results differed from a simplistic interpretation of Newton's Laws of Motion, but I figured it out with help from David Swain, Ph.D., of Old Dominion University, and Ray Moss, Ph.D., of Furman University. Running and walking aren't as comparable as I had imagined. When you walk, you keep your legs mostly straight, and your center of gravity rides along fairly smoothly on top of your legs. In running, we actually jump from one foot to the other. Each jump raises our center of gravity when we take off, and lowers it when we land, since we bend the knee to absorb the shock. This continual rise and fall of our weight requires a tremendous amount of Newtonian force (fighting gravity) on both takeoff and landing.

Now that you understand why running burns 50 percent more calories per mile than walking, I hate to tell you that it's a mostly useless number. Sorry. We mislead ourselves when we talk about the total calorie burn ( TCB ) of exercise rather than the net calorie burn ( NCB ). To figure the NCB of any activity, you must subtract the resting metabolic calories your body would have burned, during the time of the workout, even if you had never gotten off the sofa.

You rarely hear anyone talk about the NCB of workouts, because this is America, dammit, and we like our numbers big and bold. Subtraction is not a popular activity. Certainly not among the infomercial hucksters and weight-loss gurus who want to promote exercise schemes. "It's bizarre that you hear so much about the gross calorie burn instead of the net," says Swain. "It could keep people from realizing why they're having such a hard time losing weight."

Thanks to the Syracuse researchers, we now know the relative NCB of running a mile in 9:30 versus walking the same mile in 19:00. Their male subjects burned 105 calories running, 52 walking; the women, 91 and 43. That is, running burns twice as many net calories per mile as walking. And since you can run two miles in the time it takes to walk one mile, running burns four times as many net calories per hour as walking.

Run Slow or Walk Fast?

I didn't come here to bash walking, however. Walking is an excellent form of exercise that builds aerobic fitness, strengthens bones, and burns lots of calories. A study released in early 2004 showed that the Amish take about six times as many steps per day as adults in most American communities, and have about 87-percent lower rates of obesity.

In fact, I had read years ago that fast walking burns more calories than running at the same speed. Now was the time to test this hypothesis. Wearing a heart-rate monitor, I ran on a treadmill for two minutes at 3.0 mph (20 minutes per mile), and at 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5 mph (10:55 per mile). After a 10-minute rest to allow my heart rate to return to normal, I repeated the same thing walking. Here's my running vs. walking heart rate at the end of each two-minute stint: 3.0 (99/81), 3.5 (104/85), 4.0 (109/94), 4.5 (114/107), 5.0 (120/126), 5.5 (122/145). My conclusion: Running is harder than walking at paces slower than 12-minutes-per-mile. At faster paces, walking is harder than running.

How to explain this? It's not easy, except to say that walking at very fast speeds forces your body to move in ways it wasn't designed to move. This creates a great deal of internal "friction" and inefficiency, which boosts heart rate, oxygen consumption, and calorie burn. So, as Jon Stewart might say, "Walking fast...good. Walking slow...uh, not so much."

The bottom line: Running is a phenomenal calorie-burning exercise. In public-health terms--that is, in the fight against obesity--it's even more important that running is a low-cost, easy-to-do, year-round activity. Walking doesn't burn as many calories, but it remains a terrific exercise. As David Swain says, "The new research doesn't mean that walking burns any fewer calories than it used to. It just means that walkers might have to walk a little more, or eat a little less, to hit their weight goal."

What's the Burn? A Calorie Calculator

You can use the formulas below to determine your calorie-burn while running and walking. The "Net Calorie Burn" measures calories burned, minus basal metabolism. Scientists consider this the best way to evaluate the actual calorie-burn of any exercise. The walking formulas apply to speeds of 3 to 4 mph. At 5 mph (8 km/h) and faster, walking burns more calories than running.

Running
TCB / km: 1.03 x your weight (in kg)
NCB / km: 0.87 x your weight

Walking
TCB / km: 0.73 x your weight
NCB / km: 0.41 x your weight


by Amby Burfoot, July 18, 2005.
Adapted from "Energy Expenditure of Walking and Running," Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, Cameron et al, Dec. 2004.

Source


At eg posti hetta beint aftaná nýggja "Keeping fit"-tráðin hjá OKJones er eitt tilfeldi. Eg brúkti eina app til at halda skil á hvussu langt eg stóð á skí, á mínari skíferð sum eg júst eri komin aftur frá, og hon vísti eisini hvussu nógvar kaloriir eg hevði brent. Sama gjørdi pápi mín, og tær báðar appirnar vísti tøl sum vóru nakað frá hvør øðrum. Eg spekuleri at mín vísti NCB, meðan hansara vísti okkurt tal tikið beint úr einum ævintýri. Veruleikin er, at motión er øgiliga gott til nógv ting; motivatión, feel-good, flestu aspekt av heilsu, men tað er ikki super til at brenna kaloriir og harvið tapa vekt. Kroppurin er optimeraður til at útnytta tær kaloriir vit inntaka uppá besta máta, og tann besti mátin at tapa vekt uppá er at skapa eitt negativt kaloriiforbrúk, og tí er tann besti mátin at tapa vekt uppá, at minka um kaloriirnar vit inntaka. Old news, but still true.

Tað triðja aspektið í tí heila "I'm not a teenager anymore, and maybe I should consider to stop living like one" er hvør matur vit eta. Eg fari í flak-vestin og posti eitt framhald seinni.





PS: Tær kaloriirnar sum vera nevndar her eru tær vit vanliga tosa um, tá vit tosa um mat og forbrenning; tær sonevndu 'dietary calories':

1 dietary calorie = 1 kcal = 1000 (scientific) calories = 4.1868 kJ


When I kill her, I'll have her
Die white girls, die white girls

Edited by Vuzman on 08-02-2013 13:05
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Top Gear test track

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Admiral

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Posted on 28-02-2013 09:31




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When I kill her, I'll have her
Die white girls, die white girls

Edited by Vuzman on 28-02-2013 09:32
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Vuzman
Don't underestimate a woman just because she is beautiful.....

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Admiral

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Posted on 13-03-2013 13:55
It all started with a skin flick... In 1933, a beautiful, young Austrian woman took off her clothes for a movie director. She ran through the woods, naked. She swam in a lake, naked. Pushing well beyond the social norms of the period, the movie also featured a simulated orgasm. To make the scene “vivid”, the director reportedly stabbed the actress with a sharp pin just off-screen.

The most popular movie in 1933 was King Kong. But everyone in Hollywood was talking about that scandalous movie with the gorgeous, young Austrian woman. Louis B Mayer, of the giant studio MGM, said she was the most beautiful woman in the world. The film was banned practically everywhere, which of course made it even more popular and valuable. Mussolini reportedly refused to sell his copy at any price.

The star of the film, called Ecstasy, was Hedwig Kiesler. She said the secret of her beauty was “to stand there and look stupid”.

In reality, Kiesler was anything but stupid. She was a genius. She’d grown up as the only child of a prominent Jewish banker. She was a Mathematics prodigy. She excelled at science. As she grew older, she became ruthless, using all the power her body and mind gave her. Between the sexual roles she played, her tremendous beauty, and the power of her intellect, Kiesler would confound the men in her life, including her six husbands, two of the most ruthless dictators of the 20thCentury, and one of the greatest movie producers in history. Her beauty made her rich for a time. She is said to have made - and spent - $30 million in her life. But her greatest accomplishment resulted from her intellect, and her invention continues to shape the world we live in today.

You see, this young Austrian starlet would take one of the most valuable technologies ever developed right from under Hitler's nose. After fleeing to America, she not only became a major Hollywood star, her name sits on one of the most important patents ever granted by the U.S. Patent Office. Today, when you use your mobile telephone or, over the next few years, as you experience super-fast wireless Internet access (via something called “long-term evolution” or LTE Technology), you’ll be using an extension of the technology a 20-year-old actress first conceived while sitting at dinner with Hitler.

At the time she made Ecstasy, Kiesler was married to one of the richest men in Austria. Friedrich Mandl was Austria’s leading arms maker. His firm would become a key supplier to the Nazis. Mandl used his beautiful young wife as a showpiece at important business dinners with representatives of the Austrian, Italian, and German fascist forces. One of Mandl's favourite topics at these gatherings - which included meals with Hitler and Mussolini - was the technology surrounding radio-controlled missiles and torpedoes. Wireless weapons offered far greater ranges than the wire-controlled alternatives that prevailed at the time.

Kiesler sat through these dinners “looking stupid”, while absorbing everything she heard. Being Jewish, Kiesler hated the Nazis. She abhorred her husband’s business ambitions. Mandl responded to his wilful wife by imprisoning her in his castle, Schloss Schwarzenau. In 1937, she managed to escape. She drugged her maid, snuck out of the castle wearing the maid’s clothes, and sold her jewellery to finance a trip to London. She escaped just in time. In 1938, Germany annexed Austria. The Nazis seized Friedrich Mandl’s factory as he was half-Jewish. Mandl fled to Brazil. Later, he became an adviser to Argentina’s iconic populist president, Juan Peron.

In London, Kiesler arranged a meeting with Louis B Mayer. She signed a long-term contract with him, becoming one of MGM’s biggest stars. She appeared in more than 20 films. She was a co-star to Clark Gable, Judy Garland, and even Bob Hope. Each of her first seven MGM movies was a blockbuster. But Kiesler cared far more about fighting the Nazis than about making movies. In 1942 at the height of her fame, she developed a new kind of communications system, optimised for sending coded messages that couldn't be “jammed”. She was building a system that would allow torpedoes and guided bombs to always reach their targets. She was building a system to kill Nazis.

By the 1940’s, both the Nazis and the Allied forces were using the kind of single-frequency radio-controlled technology Friedrich Mandl had been peddling. The drawback of this technology was that the enemy could find the appropriate frequency and “jam” or intercept the signal, thereby interfering with the missile’s intended path. Kiesler’s key innovation was to “change the channel”. It was a way of encoding a message across a broad area of the wireless spectrum. If one part of the spectrum was jammed, the message would still get through on one of the other frequencies being used. The problem was, she could not figure out how to synchronise the frequency changes on both the receiver and the transmitter. To solve the problem, she turned to perhaps the world's first techno-musician, George Anthiel.

Anthiel was an acquaintance of Kiesler who achieved some notoriety for creating intricate musical compositions. He synchronised his melodies across twelve player pianos (or pianolas), producing stereophonic sounds no one had ever heard before. Kiesler incorporated Anthiel’s technology for synchronising his pianolas. Then, she was able to synchronise the frequency changes between a weapon’s receiver and its transmitter. On the 11th of August, 1942, US Patent Number 2,292,387 was granted to Antheil and to “Hedy Kiesler Markey”, which was her married name at the time. Most people won’t’ recognise the name Kiesler, or remember the name Hedy Markey. But they might know one of the great beauties of Hollywood’s “Golden Age” - Hedy Lamarr. That’s the name Louis B Mayer gave to his prized actress. That’s the name his film company made famous.

Meanwhile, almost no one knows Hedwig Kiesler - aka Hedy Lamarr - was one of the great pioneers of wireless communications. Her technology was developed by the US Navy, which has used it ever since. You’re probably using Lamarr’s technology, too. Her patent sits at the foundation of “spread spectrum technology”, which you use every day when you log on to a Wi-Fi network or make calls with your Bluetooth-enabled mobile telephone. It lies at the heart of the massive investments being made right now in so-called fourth-generation “LTE” Wireless technology. This next generation of mobile telephones phones and their accompanying towers will provide tremendous increases to wireless network speed and quality, by spreading wireless signals across the entire available spectrum. This kind of encoding is only possible using the kind of frequency switching that Hedwig Kiesler invented.



Source



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Edited by Vuzman on 13-03-2013 13:56
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Posted on 13-03-2013 16:06
Great story, she should be a household name.


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Posted on 13-03-2013 21:45
I've been looking through old posts, as I was sure that article had already been posted. But I couldn't find it, so I must have read about Hedy Lamarr someplace else a couple of years ago.
But it was definitely worth the read. Good post, Vuzman.

BTW anyone remember the main antagonist's name in Blazing Saddles? smiley


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Posted on 02-04-2013 14:53
Today's interesting stuff begins with some cold war footage of a nuclear test; Tumbler-Snapper Dog (May 1st, 1952 at the Nevada Test Site) to be precise. It is accompanied by music by the Nine Inch Nails.



"What are those funny lines in those pictures of nuclear tests?"



In the first milliseconds after a nuclear explosion in the atmosphere, the rapidly growing fireball and shock wave of the explosion are one and the same. The surface of the expanding fireball is in fact the front of the shock wave.

Once the fireball cools to 300,000 degrees C (which is 15 milliseconds after detonation for a 20 kt explosion), the shock front and the fireball separate - a phenomenon called "breakaway". After that moment the shock front quickly becomes invisible as it loses strength and can no longer make air incandescent through compression heating.

This makes it difficult to record the progress of the shock front. Shock pressure gauges can be used, but they are difficult to deploy anywhere but near the ground where interactions between the shock wave and the surface complicate their interpretation.

A solution to this problem was suggested by a serendipitous observation in the very first nuclear test, the Trinity shot on 16 July 1945 (see below). Berlyn Brixner photographed the cable of barrage balloon (the vertical white line at the right edge of the picture) behind the fireball which was visible due to the smoke from the vaporizing cable.

As the shock front passed in front of the cable, which was in the background, an apparent break appeared in the cable - an optical illusion caused by refraction of light by the compressed air behind the shock front. The arrow in the second and third pictures shows the movement of this break, which coincides with the location of the shock front.



Several years later this phenomenon was put to use with the aid of smoke rockets launched from the ground seconds before the detonation. This created an vertical array of reference lines against which the progress of the shock front could be photographed.

Not that it is not the actual direct interaction of the blast wave colliding with the smoke that is involved here.

Source


Here's a video that shows smoke trails / shock wave interaction. I guess what we see here is the smoke trails actually being moved by the shock wave. Note the shock wave progression on the ground. The refraction thing is supposed to be seen by observers placed with the smoke trails in the background of the explosion, so they would be far off-screen somewhere off to the left from this view.



Additionally, I want to point out that the featured NIN song, The Day the World Went Away, has no drums.

That's it for today, here's Stephen Colbert:




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Die white girls, die white girls

Edited by Vuzman on 02-04-2013 14:55
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Posted on 06-05-2013 11:43
If you want to be healthy observe this regime.
Do not eat when you have no appetite, and dine lightly,
Chew well, and whatever you take into you
Should be well-cooked and of simple ingredients
He who takes medicine is ill advised.
Beware anger and avoid stuffy air.
Stay standing a while when you get up from a meal.
Make sure you do not sleep at midday.
Let your wine be mixed with water, take little and often,
Not between meals, not on an empty stomach.
Neither delay nor prolong your visit to the toilet.
If you take exercise, let it not be too strenuous.
Do not lie with your stomach upward and your head
Downward. Be well covered at night,
And rest your head and keep your mind cheerful.
Avoid wantonness and keep to this diet.

Prescription for Life, Leonardo da Vinci, 1515



When I kill her, I'll have her
Die white girls, die white girls

Edited by Vuzman on 06-05-2013 11:45
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Posted on 06-05-2013 15:17
I guess we just weren't ready to listen back then... - too busy burning books and women.


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